It is time once again for our regular Open Thread. Talk about whatever you want, so long as it isn't Culture War.

The USNI Christmas Sale is on, and it's a great option for anyone who wants to bulk up their naval library. Most everything is half off, and shipping is free. Particularly tempting among recent releases are the Revised Edition of Friedman's US Aircraft Carriers, the 2023 Seaforth World Naval Review, What Happened to the Battleship?, Friedman's new US Navy Attack Aircraft (although it's somewhat less substantial than his usual works) and reprints of Atlantic Escorts and The Battleship Builders. Other good options include Friedman's other Illustrated Design Histories, the 14-volume Morison set, the excellent Russian and Soviet Battleships, and most of the stuff on Drachinifel's reading list. I don't have half a dozen, and a few more aren't great (Learning War and The Battleship Holiday are the most prominent here) but it's a pretty good place to start. Other good choices are Freidman's World Naval Weapon Systems and Network-Centric Warfare, DK Brown's Before the Ironclad, Warship Builders, about the USN's construction program in WWII, and Brian Lavery's superb Nelson's Navy.

As the archive has grown, the work of doing overhauls has expanded, and I'm going to end the practice of doing a full read on all older posts. I'm doing a lot less revision than I did in the first few years, because my writing style has gotten more consistent and I'm writing less, particularly on topics related to those I did 4-5 years ago. I'll check any that look likely to need link updates, and note any where actual updates take place, as well as doing normal checks on the year-old posts. If there's interest, I might continue to list all of the older posts in the relevant time period.

Minor updates were made to Early Guided Weapons Parts one and two and Coastal Defenses Part 6. 2021 overhauls are A Visit to NSWC Carderock and my review of the US Navy Museum and Navy Memorial.

During the DSL meetup in DC this year, I was able to get back to several of the museums I visited last year, to update my impressions and see some stuff I hadn't gotten to. (I also finally got to Udvar-Hazy, review coming next week.)

There's a truly massive and very pretty model of Forrestal

First was the US Navy Museum, this time with Cassander and Evan, to go through the Cold War Gallery in Building 70 (the former home of the US Navy's model basin), missed last year because of time. It was a pretty straightforward continuation of the main museum, focusing mostly on submarines, Korea and Vietnam. The Korea and Vietnam sections were kind of sparse and lacking in narrative, while there were some weird empty spaces on the submarine side. But there were lots of pretty ship models, and a number of full-scale submarine sections prepared for display, in a lot of cases showing stuff better than most museum submarines. Read more...

In the Autumn of 1940, the British Mediterranean fleet faced a serious problem. They had been dealing with the Italians since the collapse of France in June, and while they had managed to get the better of their enemies at Calabria back in July, the Italians had since managed to keep the RN from interfering too much with the convoys supporting the fighting in Libya.

HMS Illustrious

Something needed to be done to resolve the stalemate, and the British decided to finally put into practice an idea they'd been kicking around for a quarter-century. During WWI, British frustration over the reluctance of the High Seas Fleet to come out and fight had prompted studies of attacking the fleet in port using ship-launched aircraft. That war had ended before the plan had been carried out, but the concept had been remembered, and the development of shipboard aviation in the interwar years had made it genuinely practical. The Italian battleships were based at Taranto, on the instep of the Italian boot, and a strike by torpedo bombers flying from the carriers Illustrious and Eagle should be enough to shift the balance of power decisively in favor of the British. Read more...

It's time once again for our (slightly delayed) open thread. Talk about whatever you want, so long as it isn't culture war.

The USNI Christmas Sale has started! This is the time of year when my book budget gets much smaller than it used to be, and it's a great time if you want to stock up on naval books, too. I will do my usual list of recommendations next time, but there's a lot of good stuff.

2017 overhauls are A Brief History of the Battleship and Iowa Part 1. 2018 overhauls are Survivability Fire and Mission Kills, Underbottom Explosions, The Last Days of the High Seas Fleet, Samar, Turret and Barbette and The Space Force and the FAA. 2019 overhauls are JDAM, Riverine Warfare - Europe, Cluster Bombs and Leyte Gulf 75. 2020 overhauls are Esper's 500-ship Navy, The Battleship and the Carrier, The World Wonders and Where the Blog Begins. 2021 overhauls are Submarines in the Falklands Parts one, two and three.

It is once again time for our commemoration of the day traditionally picked for the celebration of the US Navy, and for the fifth anniversary of this blog.

First, it's hard to believe it's been five years. I've had a lot of fun over that time, researching, writing and interacting with you guys, both online and in the comments. It's been a quieter year in terms of content here, as I've been down to one a week, with most of my effort during that time going to the book. I was hoping to be done by now, which hasn't happened, but it's gone from a few pages to 130,000 words. My plan going forward is to keep writing here on Sundays and finish up the book. After that, who knows.

Thanks to everyone who has contributed this year, including Suvorov and Evan, who contributed posts, obormot for hosting, John Schilling for reviewing posts and being willing to go on Russell Hogg's podcast with me (thanks to Russell too), and to Lord Nelson for putting up with me through all of this. And thanks to everyone who has been willing to join me at one or another naval/aviation museum/event, be it in the Bay Area, Miramar or DC. Getting to meet more people was definitely one of the highlights of the year. And thanks to everyone who keeps reading my stuff for some reason.

I'm also going to designate this as the place to provide suggestions for what I should write about in the next year. More WWII? More battles? More discussions of modern warships? More basics of how modern defense stuff is set up? Something different? As usual, I make no promises to actually follow through with anything, but I'll take it into consideration.

Lastly, the Open Thread scheduled for tomorrow is likely to be delayed. I unfortunately came down sick during/after the recent DC trip, which rather interrupted the updates.

Probably the most curious gap in the current debate around defense issues is the subject of missile defense. Despite the possibility to meaningfully reduce the danger from nuclear war, it is largely ignored, and when it does come up it is widely misunderstood. I've referenced this before, but figured it was time to lay out the argument in more detail.

USS Shiloh fires an SM-3

The basic case for missile defense is quite simple: nuclear weapons aren't something you want detonating in your country, and shooting them down seems like a good idea. But as appealing as this is, it is usually countered by a pair of counterarguments, that it's far too hard to shoot down all incoming missiles, and that it would be destabilizing if it was possible. But this relies on the basic premise that any missile defense system which can't shoot down all missiles is useless, and there's no reason that would be true unless someone was smuggling it in to defeat missile defense for other reasons. (We'll come back to that in a bit.) A system which stops 50% of incoming missiles means that only half as many people will die in a nuclear war,¹ obviously a desirable result. Read more...

While in San Diego, I made a return visit to Midway, which I have previously reviewed based on my visit six years ago. But that was written almost two years after said visit, and I will take the opportunity to write a more detailed one.

Website

Midway is in the heart of downtown San Diego, a block or so from the San Diego Maritime Museum. I would not recommend trying to see both on the same day, particularly if anyone in your group is the type of person who is tempted to read all of the signs. The Fatherly One and I moved quite quickly, and we didn't quite get to everything in the five hours we were onboard. She could easily absorb an entire day for someone who is moving moderately slowly, and I think they even offer reduced-price admission the next day, which suggests that some people don't find that sufficient. I was also struck by how busy the ship was. She wasn't the busiest museum ship I'd ever seen, that honor instead falling to Iowa during Fleet Week 2016, but for a fairly ordinary Friday in September, she was both busy and well-crewed, certainly more so than Iowa was when I visited the following Sunday. Read more...

It's time once again for our regular open thread. Talk about whatever you want, so long as it isn't culture war.

Apologies that this post was late in going up. Lord Nelson and I were busy interviewing prospective participants for a new 3MS:

As Naval Gazing is rapidly approaching its fifth anniversary, I am considering how to deal with overhauls. It is taking up an increasing amount of time with each passing year, and although I'm taking steps to reduce the amount of work added by writing less, there seems to be less to do on overhauls. Some of this is the aforementioned writing less, but a lot of it is also just that I've got a lot of the structure I want set up, so old stuff isn't getting new references. Not sure what the solution here is.

Also, I'm going to be in DC next weekend for another DSL meetup. The plan is for a group visit to Udvar-Hazy on Saturday, and any readers are also invited. Details are still a bit up in the air, but send me an email if you're interested.

2018 overhauls are Secondary Armament - Light AA, Going back to Iowa, The Washington Treaty, Survivability - Flooding, my review of LA Maritime sites and Falklands Part 7. 2019 overhauls are Dumb Bombs and LGBs, Riverine Warfare - China Parts two and three and Pictures - Iowa Officer's Quarters. 2020 overhauls are Naval Bases from Space - Hampton Roads, Military Sealift Command Parts one and two, The Midway Rant and List of Battleship Losses. 2021 overhauls are Pictures - Iowa Secondary Battery Plot, Norway Parts seven and eight and Types 82 and 42 - Procurement Follies.

The day before the Miramar airshow, the Fatherly One and I headed into downtown San Diego to see two things: the USS Midway, which I'd been to before, and the San Diego Maritime Museum, which I hadn't. They're within easy walking distance of each other, so it made sense to try and combine them, starting with the Maritime Museum.

Website

The San Diego Maritime Museum has a number of ships of different eras, focusing mainly on sailing vessels, as well as museum exhibits. This sounds suspiciously similar to another maritime museum I visited a few months back, but unlike its counterpart in San Francisco, this one is done very well. The ships are well-maintained, the exhibits are interesting, and there are plenty of friendly staff. In fact, the National Park Service should just hand over the keys and their budget, and go find something useful to do with their lives. Read more...

No American armed service has seen more change in its roles than the Marine Corps. When it was founded, its men were soldiers who fought at sea, going aboard almost every American warship. Today, they are soldiers who fight primarily on land, carried across the sea by specialized amphibious ships, and it has been over 20 years since the last Marines came ashore from detached service aboard America's conventional warships, ending the mission that was ultimately the root of the modern concept of the Marine.

Royal Marines go ashore in boats

Soldiers had been going to sea since Antiquity to fight land battles aboard ship. At various points, this had been the main weapon available to warships. For instance, a third of the complement of the ships of the Spanish Armada were Marines, but from that point the the rising importance of naval guns saw this role decrease in importance, while the skills of sailing a ship grew more valuable. But that didn't foreclose the utility of a body of trained troops aboard ships, a practice the British regularized with the founding of the Royal Marines, who specialized in the job, in 1664. They would find their niche in two new roles. First, they were useful for the raids and small amphibious operations that warships were often called upon to perform, being trained as soldiers and also more familiar with the sea than the typical soldier. Second, and perhaps more importantly, they were under similar discipline to the Army and could be trusted to remain loyal to their officers, even if the sailors began to mutiny. Read more...